* 1951: Nimitron: This was a dedicated machine for playing the game of Nim, arguably the first game system in a modern sense. It was designed by Ralph Baer, the same person later credited with creating the first home video game console.
* 1952: The "Bertie the Brain": This was a computer built to play tic-tac-toe against humans. While not a dedicated game system in the same way as Nimitron, it was a significant early example of a computer playing a game against a human.
It's important to note that other machines, like early arcade games, existed before these. But Nimitron and "Bertie the Brain" stand out as dedicated game systems that predate the widespread adoption of computers and video game consoles.