Learn Your Towers
Besides a satellite gun that you can't always rely on, towers are your only method to protect your power cores from the advancing hordes. Understanding what each tower does and doesn't do is critical to your game. As an example, cannons are powerful, single-target towers with a wide range, but they cannot hit any target that occupies the square next to them. These means cannons are best placed behind other towers. With a gun tower in front and a cannon in back, you can hit pretty much anything that walks by.
Create a Maze
Each tower you build has a force field around it that the aliens will not pass through (unless they have no other option). To exploit this, place your towers in a manner that forces aliens to take the longest path possible to and from your power cores. While this gets complicated in later levels with more than one entry and exit point, creating a maze of towers is one of the best ways to slow down and destroy the aliens.
Upgrade Your Gun Towers
Once you have a general layout built and are comfortable with the towers you have placed, invest some of your resources in full upgrades of the first five or six gun towers the aliens encounter (200 to upgrade to yellow, 400 to upgrade to red). This will clear a lot of aliens out as they enter the map, and make the rest vulnerable to every other defense tower you've placed.