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How to Identify Antique Sundials

Sundials were perhaps the first tools that humans used to tell time. Sundials gauge the time of day using a shadow cast by the sun. It is likely that the first sundial was simply a stick placed standing upright in the ground. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the production of sundials became much more elaborate. It is difficult for someone who is not a professional appraiser to accurately identify the time period and maker of an antique sundial. However, with some discerning observation, it can be possible for the non-expert to distinguish between an actual antique sundial and a modern sundial aged to appear antique.

Instructions

- 1
  Look closely to see if the sundial is handmade. If the sundial you are observing is handmade, its carved numerals, lettering and decoration -- though finely crafted -- will be imperfect. A machine-created piece will look nearly perfect with sharp edges and angles, while a hand-wrought piece will not have this precision. The same can be said for any painting or etching on the sundial; if it is handmade, it will have small imperfections.
- 2
  Examine the metal of your sundial. Metal that has been around for a long time develops what is known as patina, which is the observable aging of a metal. This tarnishing is caused by chemical reactions due to natural exposure. Modern manufacturers and forgers sometimes use chemicals to purposely age metal, creating a false patina. Typically, true patina appears smooth and natural, often green, red or brown. False patina can appear salt-like and sometimes white and lumpy.
- 3
  Find the hallmark. A hallmark can be a letter, a series of letters or even a name struck into the metal. The hallmark will be a clue to the maker of the sundial. It is not easy or even always possible to identify the maker or the age of the sundial based on the hallmark. Although some well-known clockmakers also made sundials. There is often no proper historical documentation due to the large number of craftsman who made sundials.
- 4
  Observe handheld sundials very closely. There are numerous varieties and many that are so intricately made that it can be easy to think they are antiques. Handheld sundials are often made of ivory. Beware of imitation ivory. They are also commonly made of wood or a combination of wood and paper. Because the wood is aged, its patina will be pleasing. It is difficult for the lay person to distinguish between an antique wood̵7;s patina and a chemically-aged piece of wood. A true patina will appear naturally old, while a false patina will appear more like a stain or varnish.

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