Proof Coins
A proof is a specially minted coin meant for collecting and not circulation. The mint produces these coins by using high-polished dies and metals. Proof coins are sharply detailed and reflective.
"S" Mint Marks
A letter stamped on a coin determines where the coin was minted. An S mint mark means the coin was made at the San Francisco mint. Some other mint marks include D (Denver), P (Philadelphia), O (New Orleans) and CC (Carson City).
Variations
During the manufacturing process at the mint, the dies that strike the coins occasionally need to be changed or replaced. This can cause slight alterations in coins struck with contrasting dies. Different coins from the same mintage are called varieties or types. The distinction between types varies depending on the denomination and year of the coin.
A Type 1 designation on a coin would denote that the mint struck the coin with the first set of dies used that year. A Type 2 means the mint made the coin after the dies were changed. Depending on the year and denomination of the coin, there can be several different types, each with its own subtle differences that can greatly affect its rarity and value.