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Variable-Power Scopes
The most common scopes used by shooters with all different kinds of firearms, not only the AR-15, are variable-power scopes. Variable-power scopes have adjustable magnification ranges and are practical for medium- to long-range shooting. One of the most common varieties of medium-range scopes is the 3-9-power scope. These scopes have a magnification range of three to nine times your normal vision. Scopes used on the AR-15 often feature mil-dot reticles, which can also be used for estimating distance.
Fixed-Power Scopes
Fixed-power scopes are preset to one specific magnification setting. The most common scope used among AR-15 rifles is the 4-power scope; this scope provides four times your normal vision and is practical for short to medium ranges. Fixed 4-power scopes were among the first combat scopes designed for the M-16, but they are not your only options. More powerful fixed-power scopes are available for the AR-15.
Red Dot Scopes
Red Dot scopes are specifically designed for short- to medium-range targets. These battery-powered scopes do not have any magnification qualities, but they produce a red LED light that is visible only when looking through the scope. To the shooter the light will look exactly like the point of a laser beam. These scopes are particularly well suited for quick target acquisition at short ranges; however, once you start engaging targets at longer ranges, their accuracy diminishes.
Holographic Sights
A holographic sight has an appearance unlike a conventional scope and features a single window with holographic reticles projected onto it. Like the red dot scope, this sight does not magnify your target, but provides a quick point of aim. These sights are practical for short-range tactical settings, but lose their effectiveness with long-range targets. Holographic sights are battery powered.