Things You'll Need
Instructions
Reference Sources
Record everything you know about the stamp, including who it was mailed from and to, and how it came into your possession.
Inspect the stamp with care, noting any possible flaws, tears or marks.
Ask the public library for their reference copy of "Scott Specialized Catalog of United States Stamps."
Find "Warman's U.S. Stamps Field Guide: Values &Identification (Warman's Field Guides U.S. Stamps: Values and Identification)", "Top Dollar Paid!: The Complete Guide to Selling Your Stamps" or "The Official Blackbook Price Guide to United States Postage Stamps 2010, 32nd Edition" at your local bookstore.
Search these references until you find your stamp. By comparing the information, you should have a fairly good estimate of the value.
Expert Appraisers
Digitally photograph the stamp with neutral background. Use sufficient light to bring out the detail. Take close-ups of visible flaws, tears or marks.
Telephone several stamp dealers and ask if you can email the photos and information for an appraisal. Ask if they charge for their services. Often some will take a first look for free.
Balance the various dealers' estimates. If they are in agreement, then you have a good idea of the stamp value. Seek more appraisals if they vary widely.