Map/GPS
Most organized treasure hunts will have clues leading you to specific places, but won't tell you exactly where those places are. Having a map will help you navigate your way to each destination. A GPS could help you if you know an address or intersection of where you're headed and can give you the quickest route. Some hunts won't allow GPS devices, so check the rules before you bring one.
Camera
Many treasure hunts and scavenger hunt games may not only require you to find items that you can bring back with you, but also find items that aren't tangible. They may also ask you to perform a task and prove it by taking a photo of you doing so. Not only do you need a camera for these circumstances, but you may also want to document your exciting time by taking pictures along the way.
Comfortable Shoes/Clothing
While many treasure hunts, especially those for kids, aren't too strenuous, you may still need to walk or run, which means comfortable shoes are a necessity. Check the weather before heading out and choose clothing, accordingly.
Tupperware/Plastic Bags
Some treasure hunts may want you to bring back items that are wet or that could fall apart such as food. Instead of shoving these items directly into your backpack, bring something to use as storage. You don't want to spend time finding an item and then have it ruined because you didn't have the proper container.
Writing Utensils
You may need multiple pens for drawing on your map, figuring out clues or solving puzzles as part of a clue. Bring backup pens and pencils--just in case you run out of ink or you lose one.