Intelligent Humanoids
There are humanoid races that have human-level intelligence, that is, beings that are different from humans in their appearance and culture, not their ability to think or communicate. Elves and dwarfs are the quintessential humanoid beings and a staple of the fantasy genre, from Tolkein to Shadowrun, and are pretty much the same in every setting. Halflings are like small humans, such as hobbits. Gnomes are also a small humanoid race and are commonly associated with magic and inventing. The drow, duergar and svirfneblin are the Underdark, or evil versions of elves, dwarfs and gnomes. Other intelligent humanoid fantasy races include dragonborn, eladrin, tiefling, deva, goliath, githzerai and shifters (were-creatures). Almost every alien in Star Trek fits in this category, including Vulcans, Klingons, Andorians and Cardassians.
Half-Humans
There are humanoids who have one human parent and one humanoid parent. Of the playable races, half-elves and half-orcs are the most common. Half-ogres were also introduced in 2nd edition D&D. In theory, there could be any number of half-human beings. The mythological half-human half-animal creatures, such as the minotaur, mermaid, satyr and centaur, are also found in RPGs, though they are usually classed as monsters.
Monsters
Most D&D monsters are humanoid. They have sentience, but not human-level intelligence. Orcs, trolls, and gnolls are larger humanoids. Goblins, hobgoblins, and bugbears are all goblinoid humanoids, that is, they are all in the goblin family and share similar features though they are different sizes. Kobolds and gibberlings are smaller than humans. Lizardmen are reptilian humanoids: lizards that walk on two legs, have a distinct culture and communicate in several languages. Giants are another large humanoid monster. Sahuagin are shark-like humanoids. Kuo-toa are fish-like humanoids: scaly humanoids that walk on two legs. Thri-Kreen are a humanoid insect race that have tri-sectional bodies, walk on their hind legs, and have four arms, in the Dark Sun setting of D&D. In Dragon Age, the darkspawn are orc-like humanoids. Undead monsters that used to be humans include vampires, zombies, ghouls, ghosts and mummies.
Crafted Humanoids
Golems are man-made creatures, held together by magic. There are several types of golems, starting with the weakest, those made of flesh, and progressing through stone and metal. Adamantine golems are the strongest and most difficult to kill. Warforged are a playable race in the D&D Eberron setting. They are a race of artificial humanoid beings with human level sentience. Androids are any robotic race that resemble humans. They can be futuristic and nearly indistinguishable from humans, like Data from Star Trek. Androids in a steampunk setting may have clockwork internals that allow them to move and function instead of microprocessors. Modern androids may more closely resemble the robots made in Japan in the 21st century.