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Who Invented the Hand Plane?

Woodworking planes have been around for thousands of years. There are many different kinds for a variety of specialized applications. A plane works by shaving off wood at a desired depth and angle to create the desired effect with an extremely sharp blade. Collectors prize early examples from the Stanley Tool Company, the first to mass-produce planes.

Origins
- Historians disagree on who first invented the woodworking plane. Whether it was the Hebrews, the Egyptians, or the Romans is up for debate. Crude examples have been found in archaeological excavations in all three areas.
Uses
- Planes can be used to build anything out of wood, including picture frames, furniture trimmings, tongue-and-groove construction, banisters, window sashes and even coffin decorations.
American Manufacturing
- Most planes used in America before 1800 came from England. Between 1810 and 1840, plane makers began to appear in Philadelphia and New York City.
Mass Production
- Stanley started mass producing planes in 1870. The company priced its product competitively and had a nationwide network for distribution. By 1900, Stanley was the industry leader.
Types
- There are many different kinds of wood planes, each for a specific purpose. Types include coping, moulding, mitre and dovetail planes.
Significance
- Planes are among the most collectible antique tools. Many museums boast large collections, and one can find planes in many auctions and antique shops.

Antiquing