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How to Fix Derailment Problems on a Model Train

Today's model train sets are built to higher tolerances of fit and quality control. Derailment issues, once an ongoing headache in model railroading at certain scales, are less of a factor than they once were. With improved technology, a proactive maintenance approach can pay dividends in glitch-free operation. Rather than chasing individual derailments with after-the-fact fixes, reliance on a comprehensive plan of preventative techniques will keep most trains on the track.

Instructions

- 1
  Verify that every track joint is level, correctly assembled and properly aligned. Run a finger over each joint, feeling for gaps and imperfections. You can file down high points in the joint with a small file. Some modelers choose to solder all track joints to prevent disruptions caused by expansion and contraction.
- 2
  Use a track gauge to check the gauge of the track at any point where derailments are a problem. If the rails have moved slightly closer together or spread farther apart, the train wheels will no longer engage the rails properly and derailment may result. You can heat most rails with a soldering iron and bend them in or out to correct imperfections in the track gauge.
- 3
  Examine all switch points. The leading point of the rail that pivots in a track switch should be sharp to allow the train wheels a smooth transition from one track to another. Blunt rail switch points may "grab" train wheels as the cars pass over them and derail a car. Use a file to sharpen the switch points and ease the passage over the switch.
- 4
  Check the couplers between cars for non-binding operation. Couplers must be free to pivot and slip. Any abrupt snagging in the motion may snap a car off the rails. Sand or file any rough spots that might cause a coupler to seize. Consult manufacturer's instructions to check and adjust the centering of the couplers.
- 5
  Install weight in freight cars. Model freight cars may lack sufficient weight to keep all the wheels securely engaged with the track. Light freight cars may bounce excessively at track joints and lose contact with the track. Placing weights at a point of low center of gravity in a freight car, and centered longitudinally, helps keep all wheels engaged with the track at all times.
- 6
  Verify the gauge and free movement of the wheel sets. Make sure that the wheel sets on each car are properly aligned with each other. Wheel sets that are skewed will cause excessive binding of the wheels against the track and tend to jump the rails. Apply a drop of lubricant to any rough-running or unoiled wheels.

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