How to Build & Scale a Railroad Layout

Design your scale track plan using the appropriate scale template or computer program. Take into account prototypical operation, such as the ability of your trains to negotiate tight curves. Use the space you have available for your layout wisely by mapping out buildings, terrain and scenery to match the type of railroad you want to model.

Make certain the equipment you purchase to use on the layout is to scale. This is especially an issue for O scale modelers, who may run across trains and structures that are called "O Gauge." This type of equipment may not actually be 1-to-48 actual size; it is probably tinplate equipment that is considered a toy (such as Lionel trains.) This equipment is usually closer to 1-to-45 actual size.

Build the layout with an eye for detail and realism. Weather everything, including the track, ground, structures and trains. This can be done either by applying chalks or thinned-out paint to your equipment. Treat each piece with a dead flat finish or Testor's Dull Cote after weathering, so the piece won't smudge in your hand or rub off on anything else.

Include details, such as junk, people, cracks in the pavement and interior lighting in both structures and trains. The little things can make a big difference in how realistic your layout looks when you're done. Weathered rails sunk in concrete provide an industrial urban feel to your track; solidly ballasted mainlines look good in rural scenery.

Add automatic uncoupling tracks when laying track to allow you to pick up and drop off cars on sidings and spur tracks. Being able to actually move cars from one place to another is realistic and will give your scale layout additional credibility.