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How to Troubleshoot Distribution Transformers

The distribution transformer is a vital final component in the electricity delivery system; it provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system. This brings down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. These components must be working perfectly to be of any use. Whether you are considering the cooling liquid or cleaning of the contacts, it is useful to be aware of troubleshooting steps.

Instructions

- 1
  Regulate the temperature in order to ensure the chances of overheating -- or even personal injury -- are reduced. Ambient temperature should never exceed 40 degrees Celsius or average more than 30 degrees C in one 24-hour period.
- 2
  Check the level of cooling liquid in the main tank and liquid-filled compartments. This fluid is vital for cooling and lubrication. Add clean liquid if necessary to fill to the indicated level.
- 3
  Shut down the transformer and clean the contacts by rotating the tap-changer handle back and forth a few times. Return the handle to its original position if no change in voltage ratio is desired as any change in the handle's position changes the voltage.
- 4
  Look at the pressure gauge reading. If is shows zero pounds per square inch, it could be indicative of a leaking seal. Slowly add nitrogen or dry air at low pressure until gauge reads 5 psi. Use a brush to apply soapy water or detergent to the seals above liquid level. Consequential bubbles will indicate the location of the leak, which you can then repair, if possible. You can then replenish the lost fluid.

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