Background
The axle is the part of the suspension system responsible for turning the wheels that allow a vehicle to move. Go-kart axles function in the same way as axles found in other vehicles in that they allow the go-kart to move forward or backward by turning the kart's wheels in the appropriate direction. Live and fixed axles are used in go-karts to improve handling or off-road traction.
Fixed Axle Go-Karts
The majority of go-karts designed for use on a track utilize fixed axle technology, which provides power to only one of the kart's rear wheels. While this is the most basic axle setup, it offers better handling and turning compared with other axle configurations where both of the rear wheels are provided with power. Additionally, fixed axle go-karts have fewer parts to repair or replace than live axle karts.
Live Axle Go-Karts
For go-karts with live axle technology, the engine provides power to both of the rear wheels at the same time. Go-karts with live axles possess better traction compared with traditional fixed axle karts because both of the go-kart's rear wheels turn simultaneously. For this reason, live axle technology is used on karts designed to operate off road. However, fixed axle karts have more precise handling and turning characteristics compared with live axle karts.
Go-Kart Differentials
Go-karts take advantage of the same differential technology used on cars and trucks. When added to an axle, differentials allow all of the wheels on the kart to spin at the same speed. While the addition of a differential provides for better traction, it reduces the turning and handling capabilities of karts used primarily on a track.