Character
Any fictional output requires well-developed, believable central characters because they are the ones who lay down the context and plot of a story. Often, memorable personalities will even outshine the plot. A novel writer, therefore, must know her characters thoroughly so that she can engage readers by making them like, sympathize or identify with the protagonist, or other characters within a story.
Point of View
The creative writer must also choose what mode of narration to use to tell the story. Writing from the first person "I" is common, but not exclusive to journal entries and memoirs. In many instances, authors employ point of view as a literary device to convey the plot. In Akira Kurosawa's 1950 film "Rashomon" and William Faulkner's 1929 novel "The Sound and the Fury," multiple characters presented multiple points of view to tell a single event.
Plot
There is no story without a plot. It answers the question, "What is this about?" Creative writers use different mechanisms to tell the beginning, the middle and the end of the story. One of the elements is considered the "hook," an event designed to grab the reader's attention; "conflict," where a character's struggle with himself or an external force or problem is presented; and "resolution," or how the conflict is sorted out or how the story concludes.
Time and Place
The setting where the story occurs is often essential to understanding its plot. These elements also contribute to the mood and add depth to the piece. In "The Last Leaf," author O. Henry gives a vivid and detailed description of the wintry, poor surroundings, giving readers a better understanding of how it is in New York City for a struggling artist or what it's like to be ill during wintertime.