Hobbies And Interests
Refuting by Example
A speaker applies the refute by example tactic when an opponent uses a blanket statement that can be challenged by presenting one or two examples that are contrary to the original statement. For example, saying, "All tables are wooden" can be refuted easily by pointing out that many tables are made of different materials other than wood, such as glass or marble. Refuting by example is an acceptable strategy to counter generalizations.
Instant Denial
Instant denial is the term used to negate any response or answer an opponent offers. The speaker makes an argument which, when argued against, will immediately retract the original statement. The person will say either that he never made that statement or his opponent misunderstood, counteracting the meaning of the statement. This tactic can be complicated as well as confusing; you need oratory skills to pull off this approach. The use of instant denial within a debate often is an unacceptable approach.
False Comparison
False comparison is a tactic in debating in which a proponent compares a concept or object with another concept or object that does not exist, at least when compared with the original statement made by an opponent. Advertisers employ this strategy when wanting to make a product appear more attractive compared to products of their competitors. An advertiser will compare its product with the worst product of its competition. As such, the comparison is not logically sound.
Nitpicking
When a speaker employs the nitpicking strategy, he criticizes the specific points made by an opponent. Saying that these statements are mere generalizations may require the opponent to present examples to justify the points made. Nitpicking makes it hard for both sides to reach a compromise or at least get to a middle ground to have a discussion. This strategy often includes making accusations of empty claims that are not backed with evidence.
Ignoring Questions
Another strategy used in debating is to ignore questions outright. Instead of answering the questions presented to them, some debaters may deflect these queries by responding indignantly, claiming the question is either insulting, ridiculous or not worthy of a response. Those who find themselves in a tight corner and need a way to get out of it fast often reflect a question. Deflecting or avoiding the questions will thus keep the person from responding to these raised points from the beginning.
Positive Accomplishments
With the positive accomplishment strategy, the speaker lists his accomplishments instead of responding to the original statement made by his opponent. The strategy deflects the original argument with responses that have no relevancy to what the opponent's point or accusation. For example, when a politician finds himself accused of wrongdoing, he may resort to listing previous accomplishments to minimize damage to his reputation.