Types of Associations
For each concept there are at least three types of associations, including class, property and example. For example, the government of the United States is a democratic republic. The class "government" includes such other forms of government as monarchy and communism. Types of industry might include classes such as auto manufacturing, petrochemical refining and computer chip design. A property of a democratic republic might be government of the people, by the people. Most of this paragraph consists of examples of class and property.
Linear Semantic Maps
The linear style of semantic map is used to show stages or degrees. These maps include layout styles such as the series of events chain, which tracks events that follow one another; the continuum scale, which follows events with increasing magnitude; and the problem/solution outline, which starts with a problem and shows the events needed to bring that event to a satisfactory solution. The cycle graph is closely related to the linear style in that it shows a progression of events but in the cycle graph the events follow one another to create a repeating sequence rather than arriving at a conclusion.
Matrix Semantic Map
There are also the matrix styles, such as the compare/contrast matrix used to show similarities and differences between two things; the human interaction outline, which is used to show an interaction between persons or groups; and the fishbone style, which breaks out the causal interaction of a complex event and combines the linear time aspects of the event along with the interaction of the people and things that caused or were affected by the event.
Spider and Tree Styles
Other styles, such as the spider map and the network tree, show the interaction of elements and their relationship to a central theme. The spider map starts with a central idea, topic or theme and follows that outward in a variety of different directions to explore the potential of various attributes and their functions. The network tree uses a structure similar to the commonly seen family tree. However, the network tree illustrates casual events, hierarchies and branching procedures. It represents a graphic presentation of event structures that can or do take place from a central source but develop differently.