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Cichlidae
There are over 1300 species of cichlids. They include many common aquarium fishes, such as angelfish and Oscars. The geographic distribution of cichlids is wide, and ranges from Argentina to southern Texas. Cichlids are also found in Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and parts of the Middle East. The peacock bass is a big predatory cichlid that hails from the waters of South America, while the dwarf cichlids of West Africa are very small and lead secretive lives. Some cichlids are strictly plant eaters, while others are carnivorous. All cichlids are fresh water fish, and most of them show advanced systems of caring for their young.
Gill Maggots
The culprit in this disease is a crustacean called Ergasilus that attaches itself to the gills, the gill covers, as well as the inside of the fish's mouth. When an infestation is severe, it causes terrible damage to the cichlid's gills. Other symptoms include anemia and emaciation. If left untreated, it can lead to death. For aquarium fish, the recommended treatment is the use of an organophosphorus insecticide. Subsequently, the tank should be kept clean and filters must be rigorously maintained. Overfeeding should also be avoided.
White Spot
This parasite, also known as Ich, has the appearance of grains of salt on the fish. The white spots start off small and are found in the fish's gills. Symptoms include heavy breathing by the fish. Cichlids may rub themselves against objects in a tank as a way of trying to get rid of the parasite. This parasite moves quickly and, within a day, it can cover the rest of the fish's body with white spots. A common treatment, which must be applied quickly, is to use copper sulfate to kill the parasites. However, this treatment can be stressful for the cichlid. Malachite Green, found in pet stores, is another good treatment option.
Fungal and Bacterial Infections
Fungi, flukes, and bacteria can all cause gill disease in cichlids and other fish. Cichlids show the common symptoms associated with such infections. These include swollen gills, production of excessive mucus, and discoloration of the filaments around the gill. Sick cichlids either lie still inside the tank, or appear at the surface, gasping. They also have no appetite. These types of gill infections can be prevented by keeping water in an aquarium tank clean. Adding an anti-bacterial remedy can also help clear up the problem.