Waiting
Seagulls fly around shores and wait on the shoreline for their food to wash up. Small krill are one of the small creatures that wash up in bulk during certain times of the year, along with shrimp and other small fish.
Digging
Some oceanic creatures also live inside the dirt upon the shores -- the most common being small clams. Seagulls use their beaks as a digging tool to prey on these clams, although the clams usually have the advantage as a hard outer shell usually protects them.
Hunting
Seagulls also take an active approach to hunting. They often scavenge for small fish swimming in the water, using their sharp vision to focus on potential prey. If a seagull sees something it wants, it uses "dipping" to dive and go into the water, quickly pulling out its prey. "Skimming" allows it to fly nearly horizontally, only inches above the water, preying on sea-creatures extremely close to the surface.
Human Garbage
If all else fails on the food front, seagulls are scavengers of raccoon-quality. They have no reservations about picking up scraps or going through garbage bins -- which are some of the main reasons why seagulls often inhabit areas populated by humans. Seagulls also operate as thieves; if you leave food in the open, there's a good chance one will at least attempt to come and take it.