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Organic life forms
Various types of algae, plankton and sea plants that root to the bottom thrive in the aphotic zone. These organic life forms do not depend on photosynthesis to live and are not disturbed by the absence of light.
Benthic
Ninety-eight percent of all marine life forms are benthic, i.e., they live on or near the bottom of the ocean. While benthic plant forms need some form of sunlight to live and are only found in shallower zones, benthic animals are found in all zones, including the aphotic. Benthic animals typically have adaptations, such as enormous eyes to see in low light, as are found on squid. Their bone structure is soft and flexible, allowing them to withstand immense water pressure.
Bivalves
Clams, mollusks and other hard-shelled, soft-bodied animals with a shell consisting of two hinged valves are called bivalves. These are found on the ocean floor. The thick, dense shell acts to protect the animal from intense water pressure. Bivalves can either be sessile (capable of movement) or non-sessile, and feed through filtering water taken into the shell.
Crustaceans
Crustaceans have hard exoskeletons and jointed limbs, allowing them to move along the ocean floor. Lobsters and crabs are examples of crustaceans that thrive in the aphotic zone. Their exoskeleton and protruding eyes are adaptations to survive the cold temperatures and high pressures of the zone.
Fish
Fish that live in the aphotic zone, such as lantern fish, jelly fish and lantern sharks, often can generate light, making it easier for them to see in the darkness. These fish glow in the dark. Other fish have evolved without eyes, and depend on overdeveloped teeth and mouths to find food in the absolute darkness of the zone. Aphotic fish do not have rigid skeletons.
Worms and Eels
Worms and eels both thrive in the aphotic zone. They lack a skeleton and often do not have eyes. Some worms are also benthic and will attach themselves to the bottom of the ocean.