Cactus
Cacti exist in several species. Their pulp is one of the best sources of water in the desert. To get to the water, simply break off a stem and scoop out the pulp. For actual food, all cactus fruits are considered safe to eat. The downside is that some fruits--although edible--sometimes serve as a laxative, which can cause further dehydration.
Agave
The agave is found in the Central and North American deserts. It has buds and flowers that are edible, but require boiling before eating. The shoot or flower stalk can be excellent sources of food as well, with the most tender part being at the top. After peeling off the rind, the inside portion can be eaten as is, although it can also be boiled or roasted first. Juice for drinking can also be collected from the shoot.
Acacia
Spotting an acacia means food and shelter for a desert wanderer. It is more common in Africa, Asia and Australia, but it can also be found occasionally in the warm and dry areas of the United States. It is a tree with compound small leaflets, spines, fragrant yellow flowers and brown, pod-like fruits. The leaves, flowers and fruits are all edible both in cooked and raw form.
Desert Amaranth
The amaranth is common in many parts of the world. It has simple leaves and a little bit of red on the stems. It bears clusters of greenish flowers; all its parts can be eaten. Some species have sharp spines, which should be removed before consuming. The various parts can be eaten raw or cooked. Its seeds are rich in nutrients; they can be eaten boiled or raw.
Warnings
Always consult local and updated guides regarding desert plants. As some plants can be hazardous and potentially deadly, it remains a critical aspect of survival to never consume unknown plants.