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Types of Surfaces on Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the sun, noted for its exceptional red glow at night. While Mars is only two-thirds the size of Earth, according to NASA, they have roughly the same amount of land surface area. Mars lacks the atmosphere Earth holds, leaving the surface lifeless, but still full of unique traits.
  1. Lack of Water

    • The surface of Mars is devoid of liquid water, and because of this it bears a resemblance to Earths' driest deserts. According to Fraser Cain with Universal Today, you would see nothing but boulders and rocks in all directions, covered in a red dust. This red dust is basalt, a volcanic rock, covered by a layer of iron oxide dust, which is what gives its stark red appearance.

    Large Volcanoes

    • Mars is covered in large volcanoes, which according to NASA, can be 10 to 100 times larger than those found on Earth. The crust on Mars doesn't have the same movement as it does on Earth, so the lava piles into one, giant volcano. The largest volcano on Mars is Olympus Mons, rising up 14 miles, or 25 kilometers, and measuring 342 miles, or 550 kilometers, across.

    Crater Marks

    • Mars does not have a thick atmosphere to help disintegrate foreign objects, so the surface is covered in craters from asteroids and other objects that have struck the planet. In 2006, NASA's Opportunity Rover discovered Victoria crater, which is 800 meters in diameter.

    Unique Hemispheres

    • There is a stark contrast of the surface's appearance, depending if you are on the northern or southern hemisphere of Mars. The south is high, rough and full of craters, while the north is, according to NASA, one of the smoothest surfaces in the known universe. Scientists predict that a giant collision created a basin that separated the two sides, around the time the solar system came into being.


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