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What Is the Surface of Neptune Like?

Neptune is the most distant (non-dwarf) planet from the sun. Neptune's gaseous nature makes it difficult to identify a surface. Approximating a surface makes it possible to discuss surface gravity, chemical composition and surface physics. Assuming eyesight (and other necessities related to surviving 2.8 billion miles away from the sun) was sufficient, moons, rings and human-made robotic probes would provide an interesting sky.
  1. Pinpoint a Surface

    • Neptune is a gas giant. There is no solid or liquid boundary until you are clearly far inside the planet. Designating an outer surface to Neptune is like designating a surface to the Earth's (or any) atmosphere. Since gases dissipate into nothingness gradually, there is no set surface like there is with liquids and solids.

    Gravity

    • An approximate surface gravity for Neptune is 1.14 to 1.2 times the gravity on Earth. This means that every pound of mass on Earth becomes multiplied by 1.14 to 1.2. A 150-pound individual on Earth would weigh 171 to 180 pounds on Neptune. Gravity factors between 1.14 and 1.2 are caused by the ambiguous "surface" on Neptune. The further down into the planet one floats, the lower gravity they would feel. Matter would exert gravitational pull on him from above as well as below him.

    Chemistry

    • According to the Smithsonian Museum, hydrogen, helium and methane dominate Neptune's ambiguous surface. At near-surface conditions, these chemicals exist as gases. Frozen methane forms clouds that are visible from space, just like frozen water does on Earth. The Great Dark Spot storm system is a distinguishing surface feature on Neptune. The storm was a hurricane-like feature similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. The storm's dark feature offers a glimpse into the deeper layers of Neptune's atmosphere. As one travels down into the giant planet, pressure and internal heat transform the hydrogen and methane gases into a compressed fluid.

    Physics

    • Since Neptune is much more of a gas ball than a solid ball like Earth, rotation has a bigger flattening effect at its equator. Traveling along the surface on an equatorial path is longer by 423 miles than by polar path. This "flattening" phenomenon occurs on Earth, but to a far smaller extent (21.3-mile difference). Average solar light intensity is 0.1 percent (one-thousandth) what it is on Earth. Surface temperature is between -200 and -220 degrees Celsius; wind speed reaches 450 mph. Sudden gust speeds can reach 700 mph.

    Looking Into Space

    • Neptune has 13 moons and a ring system. Sunlight is not what it is here. At Neptunian distances, the sun is another star---albeit a bright one---instead of a distinct glowing orb like it is on Earth. If you were in the right place on Neptune's surface in 1989, you may have seen a metallic box with a large dish and several long spiky antennas floating by the planet. That was Voyager 2, a probe responsible for much of the detailed information known about Neptune.


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