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Arrhenotoky
Arrhenotoky is a system of parthenogenic reproduction that results in males only. Parthenogenesis happens in three distinct forms and occurs for many different insect species, though it is common among hymenopterans. The three types of parthenogenesis are thelytoky, deuterotoky and arrhenotoky. In the last one, males come from eggs that were unfertilized but which hatch into males only. It is a phenomenon that can also be found among some marine invertebrates such as beetles, scorpions and mites.
Haplodiploidy
Haplodiploidy,on the other hand, is also common among hymenopterans, or insects that interact socially. The main difference from arrhenotoky is that eggs produce both sexes, the males being haploid -- or having one set of each chromosome only -- whereas the females are diploid -- or having two sets of each chromosome. Female hymenoptera are fertilized by a male so one set of chromosomes comes from the father and the other from the mother. Males have a mother but no father.
Differences
The differences between arrhenotoky and haplodiploidy mean a queen bee, for instance, can determine how many male and female eggs she lays and vary the ratio between the two as she sees fit. This often sees a preference for females, which has important repercussions for social behavior with, for example, all honey bee workers being female so they can be of more use to their mother, assisting her to produce more females.
Hymenoptera
Both of these forms of reproduction are common among hymenoptera, which are among the largest orders of insects. This group traces its origins back to he Triassic period of around 250 to 200 million years ago. The name derives from the Greek "hymen," meaning membrane, and "pteron," meaning wing. What members of the order share is having two pairs of wings. Many of these insects are herbivores, but some are predators and they are found in many different habitats.