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Types of North American Caterpillars

Caterpillars, the larval stage of butterflies and moths, come in a variety of shapes and sizes -- the result of evolutionary survival measures. Many brightly patterned caterpillars are colored this way to warn of their toxicity. Some have long hairs that are cause irritation to potential predators. While they can be found on every continent but Antarctica, there are several caterpillar species that are native only to North America.

Monarch Butterfly
- Monarch butterflies and caterpillars are a common summer sight.
  
  The monarch butterfly is a common summer sight in the U.S. Their bright orange and black pattern has made the monarch one of the most recognizable butterflies. The caterpillar of the monarch is equally colorful, sporting alternating bands of white, yellow, and black. This bright pattern is meant to warn predators of the caterpillar's toxicity and foul taste.
  
  Monarch caterpillars feed on the nectar of milkweed; and their distinctive green cocoons can be often found hanging from the plants during summer months.
Spicebush Swallowtail
- The spicebush swallowtail is a striking butterfly that is generally found in the southern states of the U.S. This butterfly is medium-sized, with a wingspan of about 4 inches. This swallowtail is characterized by black wings with bright blue patches on their rear.
  
  The spicebush caterpillar is unique in its disguise, in that it is patterned to look like a snake. This caterpillar comes in several color varieties, but most often bright green. Its most defining feature is its extra large head and black eyespots. This gives the appearance that the caterpillar is much larger than it is, which helps to deter predators.
Black Swallowtail
- The black swallowtail is a common butterfly to the southernmost states. This butterfly looks similar to the spicebush swallowtail, but trades blue patches for bright yellow spots along the edges of its wings.
  
  With its alternating pattern of stripes, the black swallowtail caterpillar can easily be mistaken for a monarch caterpillar. This caterpillar is differentiated from the monarch by having green stripes in place of white. Another feature unique to the black swallowtail caterpillar is its bright orange retractable antenna. This antenna can be extended from the head of the caterpillar to ward of potential predators.
Isabella Tiger Moth
- The long hairs of the banded woolybear make it unappealing to predators.
  
  The Isabella tiger moth can be found in all parts of the U.S., but is most commonly found in the East and Midwest. This moth is large and tan-colored, with velvet-like hairs covering its body.
  
  The Isabella tiger moth caterpillar is one of the most commonly found, and is called a "banded woolybear." This caterpillar is identified by its trademark black head, orange middle and black rear pattern. The woolybear is covered in long hairs that helps keep animals from grabbing hold of it.

Insects & Science