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Disease
Disease can tremendously impact survival. Most diseases are spread through viruses or bacteria, which thrive at the expense of a larger host. Populations that haven̵7;t been exposed to a specific disease previously are particularly at risk, much like the natives in America were when Europeans exposed them to smallpox, drastically lessening the populations. According to Viruses, Plagues, and History by Michael Oldstone, Smallpox has wiped out 300 million people ̵1; and that̵7;s only counting the 20th century.
Climate
Changing climates can negatively impact some species. Today, on a long-term scale, this can be seen with global warming. As temperatures rise, regions change. Today, shrinking of ice in the polar regions has caused a demise in Adelie penguins, as well as polar bears according to National Geographic.
Short-term weather issues can also quickly eliminate species ̵1; especially species confined to a small region or area. Any natural disaster ̵1; from a hurricane to a volcanic eruption ̵1; can take out many species of a population; this is more applicable to species located on small islands, which might have no way to escape dangers.
Invasive Species
Similar to disease on a larger scale, one species thriving likely means another species is negatively impacted. Predation is generally greatest when a foreign species is introduced into a new region. Known as ̶0;invasive species,̶1; examples include fire ants and killer bees in North America, both of which come from South America. Fire ants have caused a demise in many native red-ant species. Plants are also prone to becoming invasive species; examples include the Purple Loosestrife, which according to weleyan.edu, produces 2.7 million seeds per plant throughout the year, swamping out some of the unfortunate native species.
Asexual Species
Even the reproduction method of a species can affect the survival rate. Asexual species are at an advantage in regards ease of reproduction (which occurs through mitosis); however, in unstable and changing environments, they are more at risk due to the lack of genetic variation. This also makes them more susceptible to disease, as a single virus can wipe out an entire population.