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Abiotic & Biotic Factors in a Food Web

Food webs, also called food cycles, are complex interrelationships between producers and consumers in an ecosystem or biome. Both biotic and abiotic factors play a part in the food web, playing crucial roles in converting solar energy from plant life to animal life. This complex system has an equilibrium that various externalities can affect.
  1. Terrain and Environment

    • The various types of landforms support different types of life-forms. This support is ultimately a result of the type of vegetation that environment supports. The savanna environment is an example of abiotic factors that encourage a diverse biome. It occurs between desert and equatorial forest regions, usually in a huge, gently rolling plain and has a wet season and a dry season. As a result, this biome is very grassy, with lots of freshwater, supporting many types of large and small herbivores, pack carnivores and scavengers.

    Producers

    • The producers in any biome cling to soil, bedrocks and pools of water in order to capture as much solar energy as possible. The process of photosynthesis is the genesis of plant life, allowing it to grow and thrive. Other abiotic factors, like wind and the action of moving water, carry spores and seeds of plant life so that they spread and reproduce much more quickly than in their general vicinity. Plant life sustains small omnivorous birds, animals and mammals, herbivores and insects.

    Natural Disasters

    • Some dramatic examples of abiotic factors are natural disasters like hurricanes, monsoons, wildfires, landslides and earthquakes. These events displace organisms and disrupt environments, leading to overrepresentations or underrepresentations of certain types of species that wouldn't occur in the normal equilibrium of the food web. These species can be invasive or destructive, like weeds and parasitic insects in the case of overrepresentation, due to the lack of competition from species that have been driven off.

    Consumers

    • The predators, parasites, scavengers and decomposers complete the cycle of the food web by preying on the producers and herbivores in a biome. Any given ecosystem usually has far fewer predators than consumers and producers in order to sustain the ecosystem.


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