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The Stages of a Seismic Survey

Seismic surveys are created using the data gathered from the behavior of sonic waves released in a given geographical area. This data can help the surveyor determine depth and geological material below the earth's surface. Surveyors typically drill test holes to lower the wave generating equipment into the earth, which prevents the sonic wave from becoming dispersed over an open area. The more a sonic wave disperses over open space, the more inaccurate the reading.
  1. Planning

    • Planning for a seismic survey includes undertaking a survey of the potential environmental effects of the survey and selecting the appropriate technique for the survey. Marine environments and different land forms will require different techniques to gain the most accurate data (such as cross drilling or straight drilling) and avoid potential harm to marine life or creating potentially dangerous fissures in geological structures. In this phase, surveyors define the parameters of the survey.

    Acquisition

    • Equipment placed in the drilled holes releases sonic waves. The surveyor records the results of the passage and reflection of the wave using appropriate technical equipment (such as oscillators and computers).

    Processing

    • Manual acquisition --- the recording of the behavior of the sonic wave by hand --- must be entered into at least a spread sheet styled form to prepare for the interpretation stage of the survey. A more preferable option, graphing and modeling software will generate results for easier interpretation. Data acquired will be processed according to a set of parameters determined during the planning phase to create a model the surveyor can interpret according to the survey, such as shale depth location vs. open geological pockets.

    Interpretation

    • Accurate interpretation of the graphs and models of data processed in the survey requires geological, geophysics and/or seismological training. The parameters set during the planning phase will guide the interpretation, although the interpretation report may also include unrelated findings supported by the data.


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