Planning
Planning for a seismic survey includes undertaking a survey of the potential environmental effects of the survey and selecting the appropriate technique for the survey. Marine environments and different land forms will require different techniques to gain the most accurate data (such as cross drilling or straight drilling) and avoid potential harm to marine life or creating potentially dangerous fissures in geological structures. In this phase, surveyors define the parameters of the survey.
Acquisition
Equipment placed in the drilled holes releases sonic waves. The surveyor records the results of the passage and reflection of the wave using appropriate technical equipment (such as oscillators and computers).
Processing
Manual acquisition --- the recording of the behavior of the sonic wave by hand --- must be entered into at least a spread sheet styled form to prepare for the interpretation stage of the survey. A more preferable option, graphing and modeling software will generate results for easier interpretation. Data acquired will be processed according to a set of parameters determined during the planning phase to create a model the surveyor can interpret according to the survey, such as shale depth location vs. open geological pockets.
Interpretation
Accurate interpretation of the graphs and models of data processed in the survey requires geological, geophysics and/or seismological training. The parameters set during the planning phase will guide the interpretation, although the interpretation report may also include unrelated findings supported by the data.