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Abiotic Components in an Ecosystem

An abiotic component is a natural but non-living variable that aids in the essential processes of an ecosystem. Typically, when people think of an ecosystem, they think of plant life, animals, fungi, bacteria and humans interacting with one another. The waste products of these organisms are cycled through, and an ecosystem maintains a healthy homeostasis. However, many components of an ecosystem require nonliving matter to survive.
  1. The Sun

    • No one can deny the central importance of the sun, which provides energy to all living beings on Earth. By definition, the sun is an abiotic component of all ecosystems. The blue-and-red waves of sunlight help all plants effect photosynthesis, allowing them to survive and producing the oxygen on which animals and fungi depend. Besides light, the sun's rays provide heat and energy to Earth's atmosphere, allowing organic life to live.

    Water

    • Water is a necessary component to all lifeforms on Earth. All organic lifeforms utilize water to help with bodily functions and energy consumption. Water's cycle throughout an ecosystem, such as evaporation and precipitation, helps maintain atmospheric homeostasis manifest as temperature, humidity and moisture. Many aquatic lifeforms, such as fish, also need water to live for respiration purposes.

    Atmospheric Gases

    • There are certain gases on Earth that specific organic lifeforms use for energy consumption. Carbon dioxide, for example, is predominately consumed by plant life. However, oxygen is utilized by animal life forms for their energy needs. Some bacteria utilize the gas nitrogen, which predominates in the atmosphere.

    Soil

    • Soil can describe any ground surface that contains enough nutrients to help lifeforms, mainly plants, thrive. Plants need stable soil to root themselves without being harmed by movement or erosion. Soil also has to be rich with nutrients, such as minerals, so plants can utilize photosynthesis to live. The soil also must be consistently saturated with water and air in order for plants to absorb enough nutrients and water for the photosynthesis process.


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