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Use of Liquids
Liquids, particularly water, make an ideal heat transfer medium because of their ease of transport and ability to absorb and release large quantities of heat in a closed system. In a simple heat exchanger, liquid acts as a medium to transfer heat energy to another fluid.
Dual liquid Exchangers
Many heat exchangers are built on the concept of transferring heat from one liquid to another. In counter-flow exchangers, fluids separated by tubing enter a chamber moving in opposite directions. Heat passes between the fluids through conduction and convection as they move through the chamber. For example, a car radiator transfers heat generated from the engine to water which is then piped through to the radiator where heat is transferred to air moving past it.
Pass Efficiency
One way to measure the efficiency of heat exchange is by measuring the amount of heat transferred from the carrier fluid to the cooling fluid. In a single-pass heat exchanger, the fluids pass each other a single time before separating. Though not as efficient as multipass exchangers, they are far more compactable.