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Electromagnetic Force
Aside from gravity, electromagnetism plays the most central role in your everyday life. It has an infinite range and is even stronger than gravity; without it, all material on earth would fall forever into a black hole. Everything you do that involves electricity or magnetism is possible because of the electromagnetic force. The electromagnetic force's gauge bosons are called photons. The exchange of these photons enables humans to do everything from sitting in a chair without it collapsing to moving a computer mouse and reading words on a computer screen. In pop culture, the electromagnetic force is often demonstrated by someone rubbing a balloon against his head and having the balloon cling to it.
Strong Force
Although the strong force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, it also has the shortest range; its effects are felt only when particles are very close together. The strong force's particles, or gauge bosons, are called mesons. To understand the strong force, consider the atom. All atoms (besides those of hydrogen) have more than one proton. Because identical forces repel each other, most atoms would fall apart without the strong force, which uses the meson particle exchange to hold the atom together. However, the strong force's tiny range means that protons must be quite close (about the diameter of one proton) for the exchange to take place. If they can't get close enough to attach, other forces (like the electromagnetic force) will pull them apart.
Weak Force
The weak force, as its name suggests, is the weakest natural force. However, "weak" in this sense does not mean a lack of strength or power, as weakness is usually defined, but rather an unlikelihood of interaction between particles. In reality, the actual "strength" of the weak force is not much smaller than the electromagnetic force; the range of the weak force, which is infinitesimal, is what makes particle interaction so unlikely. Particles must be practically touching before any interaction takes place -- and this is extremely unlikely. The weak force's gauge bosons, called W and Z, are actually huge by atomic standards, but their massiveness means that although their actual force is large, their tiny range prevents them from showing it very often.
Gravity
Most people are familiar with gravity, which by its most basic definition is the force responsible for holding the universe together. Gravity causes attractions between everything with mass, but the strength of its effects depend on proximity. The more distance between two objects, the weaker gravity's effects, and vice versa. Gravity is easiest to observe on a large scale, or what you can see without a microscope. At the atomic level, gravity can be almost ignored; its gauge boson, the gravitron, is so weak and negligible that it has never even been proven to exist, although science assumes that it does.