Droughts
Severe droughts affect regions in a number of ways. Vegetation that requires frequent water cannot survive long under these conditions. Shrinking water sources increase competition between animals and threatens populations of aquatic life. Droughts occurring in areas with dense vegetation also increase the risk of wildfires.
Floods
Though in some areas like river flood-plains where frequent flooding is a natural and important occurrence, excessive flooding can cause lasting damage. Like droughts, extreme flooding can impact an ecosystem by eroding the surrounding soil and uprooting the plants and trees that hold the soil in place. Floods can also leave behind toxins and pollutants picked up along the way.
Climate Change
The last decade has seen obvious signs of climate change. As the earth's temperature continues to warm, the effects will become more apparent and damaging. Ice caps are melting, causing ocean levels to rise and placing more water into Earth's natural water cycle. Temperature change also increases the chances of stronger storms in some areas while causing longer, more extreme droughts in others. Stronger and more frequent occurrences of these natural disasters leave little time for an ecosystem to bounce back from serious damage.