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Sponge Cell Types

Sponges (Ephydatia sp.) come in a wide variety of forms as there are 10,000 known species. The body of a sponge is arranged in a mesohyl, which is a gelatinous matrix. The mesohyl is supported by the sponge's skeleton and it has canals that run through the sponge's body. Water flows through these canals and the sponge filters out food for survival. Sponges are organized by cells since they do not possess organs. Sponge cell types are responsible for bodily functions.
  1. Coenocytic Cells

    • Coenocytic cells are shaped like vases and line the interior body walls of sponges. These cells have a collar of fine fibrils that strain the smallest food particles from the water. Coenocytic cells also make up a central flagellum that beats and pumps water through the sponge.

    Pinacocyte Cells

    • Pinacocyte cells make up the sponge's epidermis. They cover exterior and interior surfaces. These cells are thin, leathery and tightly packed together. Pinacocyte cells are also contractile. They will change the size of the opening of pores, and thus control the flow of water through the sponge. These cells play a role in absorbing larger food items from the water.

    Myocyte and Porocyte Cells

    • Sponges do not have muscles so they have limited mobility. Myoocyte and porocyte cells surround canal openings. They contract similar to a muscle and help regulate the flow of water through the sponge.

    Archaeocyte Cells

    • Archaeocyte cells are totipotent because they can change into all other sponge cell types. Archaeocytes digest food caught by the sponge's collars, and then they transport nutrients to other parts of the sponge. In many species, these cells can change into gametes for asexual reproduction.


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