Air
The earth's atmosphere is directly polluted by many sources of contaminants, one of which is automobile exhaust fumes. Air pollution from one car is of little consequence, but fumes from all of the cars in a congested urban setting can bring about severe health risks. Carbon dioxide emitted from cars, greenhouse gas emissions, burning garbage, stratospheric ozone-depleting chemicals, and factories all help to produce pollution in the air. The changes can lead to small-scale phenomenon, such as acid rain, to large-scale changes, including global warming.
Water
People often cause extensive environmental damage in the oceans, especially around urban settings. On a large scale, oil spills can poison thousands of animal species at once. Other problems include the fishing industry, which for decades has often fished animals, such as whales, into endangered status. Although laws have been put into place, the issue has not disappeared in some less regulated urban areas of the world.
Chemical and petroleum industries have been a major contributor to water pollution as well. Toxic chemicals used by some companies are sometimes dumped in water areas that lead to illnesses, which can be fatal for animals and dangerous for people.
Land
Logging, conversion of the forested lands for agriculture and cattle-raising, mining, and oil exploitation are some of the most common stressors on the forest ecosystem. Due to deforestation, landslides and flooding are common threats to people in condensed, heavily populated areas, while loss of habitat causes the endangerment of many animal species on a much larger scale.