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Rock type and Composition
The strength of rock depends what type of rock it is. For instance, igneous and metamorphic rocks are hard, whereas sedimentary rocks are soft. In addition, the strength of the rock depends on its composition of minerals. For instance, granite is composed of feldspar and quartz, which makes granite very strong. Shale, on the other hand, is composed of soft minerals such as clay.
Weathering
Rock strength is also dependent on the amount of weathering the rock has undergone. Weathering results in the changing of the hard minerals within the rock to softer ones. This creates spaces within the rock, thereby decreasing the strength of the rock. Complete weathering of rocks results in soil.
Joint Spacing
Spacing in the joints of rocks also factors into the strength of the rock. The greater the density of the joints, the weaker the rock, as the joints create more spacing within the rock. The width of the joints, the orientation of the joints and the continuity of the joins affect the rock strength as well.
Water Affects
Water affects the strength of the rock due to pressure. Water, such as ground water in soil, develops pressure in the joints of rocks. The increase in pressure creates spaces and breaks the rocks apart.
Compressive Strength
Rock strength can be determined by measuring its resistance to crushing. Resistance to crushing is measured using a displacement method. The compressive strength and elastic properties are measured. The rock exhibiting twice as much displacement under compression as another rock requires twice as much power to be crushed.