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Types of Beta Crystallines

Crystallines are water-soluble structural proteins found in the cornea and lens of an eye. They can also be found in the heart and in some hostile cancerous cells. The main function of crystallines is to increase the refractive index of the eye, but they are also seen as a protein-boosting component. There are three types of crystallines, namely the alpha, beta and gamma. The beta crystallines are further divided into parts like the beta crystalline A1, A3 and B3.

Beta Gamma Crystalline
- The beta gamma crystalline, found in the lens of the eye, is a family of beta and gamma crystalline proteins. The beta and gamma crystallines are of similar shape and size. They are made up of domains similar to each other. The human proteins containing this domain are AIM1, AIM1L, CRYBA1, CRYBA2, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, CRYGA, CRYGB, CRYGC, CRYGD, CRYGN and CRYGS.
Beta-Crystalline A1-1
- Beta-crystalline A1 proteins are the dominant structural components of the vertebrae lenses of the eye. The subunit structure of this protein is homo/heterodimer or higher ordered complexes. It exhibits a double-domain beta-structure, penned up into 4 Greek key motifs resembling each other. It also contains 4 beta/gamma crystalline Greek key domains.
Beta Crystalline A3
- The beta crystalline A3 protein is primarily divided into 3 chains, including the beta-crystalline A3, isoform A1, Delta4 form, the beta-crystalline A3, isoform A1, Delta7 form and the beta-crystalline A3, isoform A1, Delta8 form. The genetic name of this protein is CRYBA1 and is sometimes also known as the CRYB1. It is found in humans. Explicit segmentations in the N-terminal arm take place when lens maturation take place and lead to many truncated figures. The segmentations are not likely to have any unfavorable outcomes on the protein's solubility powers. S-methylation and glutathionylation arise in healthy young lenses and do not seem to be harmful. The isoform A1 initiator methionine is taken out. The fresh N-terminal amino acid is then N-acetylated.
Beta-Crystalline B3
- Going by the genetic name of CRYBB3, the beta crystalline B3 is another type of beta crystalline. Flaws in the CRYBB3 result in cataract congenital nuclear autosomal recessive type 2 (CATCN2) [MIM:609741]. Nuclear cataracts are commonly less visually important. The density of the opacities differs a lot from fine dots to a dense, white and chalk-like, inner cataract. The condition is normally bilateral. Nuclear cataracts are mostly united with opacified cortical fibers surrounding the nuclear opacity, that are also known as cortical riders.

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