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Water
The unique physical properties of water are the largest contributors to the weathering of materials in nature. As water freezes inside of cracks and crevices, it expands, and is capable of generating enough power to split or crack rocks further. Rainwater can also pick up other chemicals in the atmosphere (acid rain), which can chemically weather the surfaces of rocks.
Temperature
Fluctuating temperatures change the speed of molecules inside of matter, and makes them slightly expand with heat, or contract with cold. Consistent temperature fluctuation slowly breaks down chemical bonds and creates cracks and crevices in rock formations.
Wind
Wind is capable of picking up small rock fragments and sand, which can then forcibly hit and weather another surface. The weathering capability of wind is directly related to the wind speed, and the size and density of the particles it can transport.
Biological
Plants, which have evolved to grow on hard surfaces, are capable of putting down root systems that can weather away rock formations. Lichens, plants similar to fungi or algae, live specifically on rocks and produce acid and chemical byproducts that weather rock surfaces.