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Hot Working
In the materials sciences, hot working is a process of bringing a metal above its recrystallization temperature in order to deform it and create new forms with it.
Recrystallization Temperature
A metal’s recrystallization temperature is the temperature at which deformed crystals are replaced with undeformed crystals. At this temperature, the metal&'s strength and hardness are reduced.
Temperature
The lower limit hot working temperature for steel is 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,090 degrees Celsius).
Advantages
Hot working steel has less strength and hardness and therefore more ductility. Thus, it takes less physical force to mold and shape the steel. Hot working can also increase diffusion and reduce or completely eliminate pores within the steel.
Disadvantages
Hot working steel can cause undesirable reactions between the steel and the surrounding atmosphere, such as rapid oxidation. Furthermore, crystal structures may become inconsistent throughout the material. Warping of the steel may also occur if not properly cooled.