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Features
A pH meter is a device consisting of a view screen and a long glass bulb that measures the acid or base level of any liquid and even some partially solid objects. Meters are more precise versions of natural substances such as Phenolphthalein which can measure a liquid's pH balance by changing color when it is exposed to either an acid or a base.
Function
Electronic pH meters are designed to work in a very similar manner as devices that determine voltages. The glass bulb is inserted into the liquid that is being tested, and the meter then measures the amount and rate of movement of any hydrogen ions present. The measurement then determines whether the substance is an acid or a base, and it will give the exact alkalinity or acidity of the substance.
Types
PH meters are available in small hand held forms which can have their readings thrown off by high or low temperatures so they must be used in room temperature environments to function properly. Larger bench top and wall mounted meters are easily obtainable which have a higher level of accuracy and usually are not affected by temperature differences. There also power supply differences between meters as some are plugged into a regular outlet. Others have limited lifetime batteries which must be replaced regularly.
Considerations
You must calibrate your pH meter before every use to ensure accurate readings by applying a solution to the meter's glass bulb. The bulb should also be cleaned regularly with a small amount of weak hydrochloric acid to prevent inaccurate measurements.
Warning
You should always wear both gloves and safety goggles whenever testing the pH balance of any unknown substance as both acids and bases can cause serious and permanent damage if they contact your eyes or skin. Be careful when using the meter's bulb as the glass can be fragile and prone to breaking easily.