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How to Build a Sensitive Voltage Detector

A sensitive voltage detector can be built from one to three transistors, which are semiconductors that amplify voltages and currents. A single one can amplify an electrical signal hundreds of times. The degree of amplification is known as the gain. Use a copper strip for an antenna, and a voltage equal to 6V or 9V. Test the circuit on a solderless breadboard, and then solder the components together. Place the circuit into a plastic case that has a hole drilled into it for the antenna.

Things You'll Need

  • 3 2N3904 transistors
  • 1M-ohm resistor
  • 100k-ohm resistor
  • 220-ohm resistor
  • LED
  • Copper strip
  • 9V battery or 4 AA batteries
  • Battery holder
  • Breadboard
  • Jumper wires
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Instructions

    • 1

      Insert a transistor into a breadboard so that all three of its leads are in separate columns. Add the second and third transistors the same way. Place them so that they alternate between the top and lower breadboard sections, or are separated from the others by four to six columns.

    • 2

      Add the 1M resistor to the breadboard. Use a jumper wire to connect one end to the first transistor̵7;s collector lead. Use another wire to connect the resistor̵7;s other end to the voltage source row. The voltage source row is usually near the top of the breadboard, and is indicated by a red stripe.

    • 3

      Connect the 100k resistor to the second transistor̵7;s collector lead. Use a jumper wire to connect the resistor̵7;s free end to the voltage source.

    • 4

      Wire one end of the 220 resistor to the third transistor̵7;s collector lead. Place the LED close to the resistor. Make sure that its leads are in separate columns. Connect the negative lead of the LED to the resistor̵7;s free end and wire the LED̵7;s positive lead to the voltage source.

    • 5

      Attach the base of the first transistor to the base of the second by connecting them with a jumper wire. Connect the second transistor̵7;s emitter lead to the base of the third transistor the same way.

    • 6

      Ground the third transistor̵7;s emitter lead by attaching a jumper wire between it and the ground row. The ground row is usually near the voltage source one and is indicated with a blue stripe.

    • 7

      Attach a jumper wire to one side of a copper strip that is at least 3 inches long. Connect the wire̵7;s free end to the base of the first transistor.

    • 8

      Insert a 9V battery or 4 AA batteries into a holder. Attach the holder̵7;s red wire to the voltage source, and its black wire to ground.

    • 9

      Test the circuit by bringing it near voltage sources. The circuit is sensitive enough to pick up static electricity. Bring it near your hand, computer monitors or outlets.


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