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How to Design Natural Convection Cooling Inside Electronic Enclosures

Electronics are found in the most simple and complex devices, from a basic garage door opener to a business server computer system. All electronics use printed circuit boards (PCBs), holding small and large components, within an electronic enclosure or assembly. These components generate heat as they function for the device. Unfortunately, heat directly affects the electronic functioning and higher temperatures will reduce the components' lifespan. As a result, electronics engineers must create adequate airflow, called natural convection, through the device for regulating excessive heat levels.

Things You'll Need

Printed circuit board
Electronic enclosure
Screen
Louvers

Instructions

- 1
  Increase the spacing between the enclosure's top and the components below. Heat rises naturally, even in a compact space. Designing an electronic enclosure with ample top space allows the majority of the heat to rise away from the working components, keeping them cooler during operation.
- 2
  Expand the area between each individual component. Modern technology normally boasts complex electronic operations within a small package, but densely packed components generate a lot of heat. Natural convection depends upon an unimpeded airflow through the enclosure and between components. Enlarging the gaps between components will keep the entire device cooler.
- 3
  Install venting at the top and bottom of an electronic enclosure. The venting encourages airflow, much like opening the flue in a chimney. Air moves from the bottom vent to the top vent, pulling heated air away from the components.
- 4
  Install screens or louvers across any opening into the device. Dust and debris that enters the device tends to settle on components, especially since there normally is a small magnetic force surrounding the individual modules. Over time, debris accumulation creates a blanket around components, heating them up. Screens, matched with adequate natural convection, will ensure cooler component operation.

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