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Shake Flask Method
Experiments that utilize the shake flask method apply to essentially pure substances that are soluble in water and n-octanol. It is not effective with surface-active materials. This method requires equilibrium between all components of the system. Accuracy of the partition coefficient stems from comparing the results of three different test conditions.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method
Results from experiments using the HPLC method stems from data using a minimum of six reference points. This method utilizes a solid that contains long hydrocarbon chains chemically bound onto silica. Chemicals injected onto a chain move at various rates due to different degrees of partitioning. HPLC requires the elution of water-soluble chemicals first, followed by oil-soluble chemicals. The partition coefficient is deduced from the capacity factor.
Slow-Stirring Method
When testing highly hydrophobic compounds, the slow-stirring method produces accurate results. This method is for pure substances that do not associate, dissociate or show significant interfacial activity. An octanol-water partition coefficient measures the chemical̵7;s activity coefficient in water in relation to octanol. Results using this method characterize the equilibrium distribution of the chemical between water and n-octanol.
Microemulsion Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (MEEKC) Method
The MEEKC method of partitioning coefficients produces extremely accurate results, with an error level lower than 0.2 per log unit. This method, in conjunction with cationic microemulsion, works with positively charged solutes. It is an optimized method used to increase the solute throughput. Standards used to calibrate the MEEKC method are cationic, anionic and surfactant associations that are able to form vesicles.
Counter-Current Chromatography (CCC) Method
The counter-current chromatography method is a separation method that uses a liquid mobile phase along with a liquid stationary phase. The lack of solid, means centrifugal fields maintain the two immiscible liquid phases together.