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History of Polarity Change
The earth's magnetic field has a history of flipping. It has done so several times over the last billion years. On average, the field reverses every 200,000 years but does not follow a set schedule. The last reversal occurred over 780,000 years ago. In addition to these reversals, the poles can shift over time. The magnetic north pole has been steadily shifting position. During the 20th century, the magnetic north pole was moving northward at a rate of about 6 miles per year. Recently the rate has jumped to about 25 miles per year.
Rainfall
The strongest link between polarity changes and weather comes from a 2009 study by geologists Mads Faurschou and Peter Riisager, which detected a possible link between increased rainfall in low-latitude areas and increased galactic cosmic ray particles as a result of the changing magnetic field. By studying cave formations, the scientists were able to to track past galactic cosmic ray activity and concluded that relatively good correlation exists between these cave formations and shifts in the magnetic field. Galactic cosmic ray particles seed clouds, leading to increased rainfall. Galactic cosmic rays are high-energy particles emitted by supernovas, neutron stars, black holes and our own sun that travel through space.
Large Weather Events
There is no evidence to suggest that there is a correlation between large weather events, such as blizzards, hurricanes and tornadoes, and a shift in the earth's magnetic poles. Though some have tried to link recent bad weather events to the shifting of the magnetic poles, such claims are called into question by the very fact that the magnetic north pole has been shifting for more than a century. Scientists can link these unusually bad weather events to changes in the ocean's temperature, which does not show any evidence of being affected by the shifting polarity of the earth.
Junk Science
Claims that the shifting polarity of the earth or that a magnetic pole reversal will result in devastating weather events are not based on any scientific research. No scientific research has found that the magnetic field of the earth has much, if any, effect on the climate of the planet. The only storms that are the result of polarity change are magnetic storms, which are not actually weather events.