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Freon 14
There are several types of freon, all with slightly different properties and chemical formulas. Freon 14 is composed of one carbon atom and four fluorine atoms, and is also known as tetrafluoromethane or carbon tetrafluoride because of this chemical structure. It is primarily used as a refrigerant, but also has industrial applications in semiconductor manufacturing, plasma cleaning and some etching. It is colorless, nonflammable and largely nonreactive and harmless to humans. Pressurized freon 14 can cause frostbite, however.
Phases
Like all materials, the phase of freon 14, solid, liquid or gas, changes depending upon the temperature. Freon is a solid below -299.2 degrees F and the amount of heat required to melt it, the heat of fusion, is 8.09 kJ/kg. The boiling point of freon 14 is -198.3 degrees, and the amount of heat required to vaporize it, the heat of vaporization, is 135.7 kJ/kg.
Critical Points
All substances have a critical point. This is the point at which adding more pressure to a substance will not cause it to condense into a liquid, and adding a higher temperature will not convert the substance into a gas. The molar volume at this point is the critical volume. The critical temperature for freon 14 is -49.9 degrees, and the critical pressure is 542.87628 psi.
Heat Capacity
A substance's heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a specific amount of material one degree Celsius. This property is important for materials like insulation, as materials with a high heat capacity will require more energy to become hotter than those with a low specific heat. The heat capacity of a material is dependent upon the amount of material present. The heat capacity of freon 14 at a constant volume is 0.049 kJ/(mol.K) and 0.058 kJ/(mol.K) at a constant pressure.