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How Do Prokaryotes Survive?

Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. Generally, blue-green algae and bacteria compose the prokaryotic list of species. Other differences between prokaryotic cells and their eukaryotic -- membrane-endowed -- counterparts is that prokaryotes don't have chromosomes; instead, their genetic code travels in a tiny loop. Also, prokaryotes just split via fission instead of going through the reproductive complexity of eukaryotes.
  1. Metabolic Sources

    • All eukaryotic cells depend on oxygen to power their metabolism functions. However, in prokaryotic cells, metabolic energy can come from other sources. There are even some bacteria that derive their energy from the element sulfur as opposed to oxygen.

    Biofilms

    • Prokaryotes strengthen their chances of survival by joining into polymer matrices called biofilms. Over times, these collectives can develop unique genetic information and rudimentary circulatory systems, which raises the potential for considerably stronger bacteria, as the cells unite into groups that can bond against the medicines or chemicals that would kill them.

    Conditions for Survival

    • Basically, if water is present in a liquid form, prokaryotes can and do live in the surrounding area. In fact, thermophilic and halophilic prokaryotes actually thrive more in environments with high temperatures and salt content, respectively. Plankton would be an example of these. Symbiotic prokaryotes turn up on the bodies of most mammalian life, even on people.

    Immortality

    • In 2000, researchers at West Chester University near Philadelphia "woke" the resting spores that had been dormant for 250 million years. Prokaryotes are known for thriving in extreme conditions and in inhospitable locales, such as the bottom of glaciers or temperatures well above the boiling point of water.


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