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What is a Three-Phase Transformer?
When it comes to electrical power needs, not all devices are the same. Your laptop computer, for example, begs for a diet of low voltage current, while your washing machine demands a full 220 volts. Because it's vastly more efficient (in terms of power loss) to carry current across power lines at higher voltages, commercial power transmission devices need access to voltages as high as 110 kV. To meet these varying demands, industry uses transformers to step up or step down voltages. The three-phase transformer does multiple power modifications at once in a single device. This design carries many advantages over using individual devices.
Smaller Size and Weight
In a crowded industrial workplace, space is often at a premium. In such a situation, it makes sense to use the three-phase transformer rather than multiple single-phase transformers (or even banks of the same). The smaller size comes with a smaller weight than the alternatives, making it easier to carry or move around if needed. This efficiency means they cost less to warehouse or ship, providing even more incentive for those who would use them, especially in bulk applications.
Simplicity
For those who rely on them, the three-phase transformer is a simpler device than multiple single-phase transformer. First, setup requires no special knowledge beyond providing a power source and wiring it to its destination. Electricians who utilize the single phase solution are burdened with having to understand the nuances of additive and subtractive polarities and how to wire head-to-tail. Additionally, the output from three-phase transformers requires only three terminals, whereas the alternative requires six. Ultimately, the ease of use and installation equate to a safer workplace and less need for specialized electricians.
Cost Effciency
The three-phase transformer requires considerably less material in its construction and has a simpler design than a bank of single-phase transformers. Because of these facts, they are less expensive to fabricate and purchase. Their simpler design also makes them less costly to troubleshoot, repair and maintain. The simpler design means that the you don't have to hire high-paid personnel to utilize and perform maintenance upon them. Coupled with cheaper transport and installation, they are well above other transformers in terms of overall cost efficiency.