What Tests Have Been Done to Find Conduction in Liquids?

Test Module and Control Panel

• This technique consists of a test module and control panel. The test module is a plug and jacket assembly that contains a heated plug and a water-cooled jacket. The test module is connected to the control panel. The control panel controls the temperature and voltage. The thermal conductivity of the liquid is measured through a small radial clearance between the heated plug and the water-cooled jacket.

Metal-Coated 3-Omega Technique

• The metal-coated 3-omega technique is used with liquids, gases, powders and in aerogels. This technique uses a micron-scale metal-coated glass fiber as the heater and thermometer. It is placed within the sample solution and the conductivity is able to be measured.

Hot Wire Technique

• The hot wire technique is based on the temperature rise in a specific distance from the hot wire that is embedded in the test solution or liquid. The wire has a constant output and the thermal conductivity is determined from the change in temperature over a known time interval.

Noncontact Tehnique

• The noncontact technique measures the conductivity of liquids liquids as they are levitated by a high-temperature electrostatic levitator in a high vacuum. This technique measures the change in torque by applying a rotating magnetic field to the liquid. The change in conductivity is related to the measured torque using a formula developed for an induction motor. The resistivity of the melting point is calculated, and using that calculation, the thermal conductivity is determined using the Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz relation.