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Dry Cell Types
Dry cell batteries are one of the most common battery types. Within the dry cell family are three differently shaped batteries. Alkaline and zinc carbon dry cell batteries are the typical cylinder-shaped types, found in various sizes. Button cell batteries are manufactured specifically for smaller devices, such as hearing aids. Rechargeable batteries also fall under the dry cell configuration. Two of the most widely used rechargeable batteries are the nickel metal hydride and the nickel-cadmium batteries.
Dry Cell Features
The dry cell battery's composition requires a positive and negative electrode. The battery's casing supplies the negative electrode. A carbon rod extending through the battery's middle provides the positive electrode. Surrounding the rod, as well as encased within the battery's assembly, is an electrolyte paste. The paste is typically composed of manganese dioxide, zinc chloride, ground carbon and sal ammoniac.
Operation
Regardless of the shape or intended use, all dry cells operate the same. Chemical reactions within the electrolyte paste cause electrons to accumulate on the negative electrode, or zinc casing. This electron buildup produces an unstable battery condition. Electrons will naturally try to neutralize the imbalance by migrating to the positive electrode, or carbon rod. However, the electrolyte's pastelike composition creates a barrier for moving electrons. Once an electrical circuit is attached to the battery, such as a flashlight, the electrons can easily move. The electrons move from the negative electrode, through the flashlight's wiring and finally attaching to the positive electrode. This movement completes the electrical circuit by stabilizing the electron accumulation, as well as lighting the flashlight's bulb.
Battery Life
Eventually, the electron supply from the electrolyte paste will dwindle. The electrons are needed for moving electrical current through the battery and attached device. The battery will slowly run out of power as a result of the electron limitations. A flashlight will begin to dim and ultimately stop shining a light from its bulb assembly.
Environmental Impact
The dry cell battery's electrolyte paste houses many harmful metals that can damage the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends following all local battery recycling laws for proper battery disposal, including procedures for recycling both rechargeable and nonrechargeable batteries.