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Asphalt Features
Asphalt consists of sand, gravel, stones and asphalt cement. This aggregate forms a strong roadway surface. Asphalt provides a smooth and quiet ride, contributing to less fuel consumption compared to other roadway surfaces. However, asphalt can deteriorate as cracks appear. Water can easily infiltrate through the cracks, slowly undermining the asphalt's structure.
Crack Sealing
The DOT must determine if a crack is working, or moving, before determining the proper repair method. Crack sealing is typically used on cracks that are moving, or growing larger, by 3 mm (millimeters) or more each year. This constant movement will eventually break the asphalt's structure so significantly that repaving would be necessary. In response, crack sealing involves placing a rubberized asphalt mixture into and across the crack. The rubber component will allow the crack to flex minimally while still holding its overall structure.
Crack Filling
Crack filling is a method used for cracks that move or grow less than 3 mm each year. These cracks are less volatile, requiring inexpensive asphalt filler compared to the specialized rubber mixture. The basic asphalt filler applies into and across the crack to maintain its structure.
Timing
Both sealing and filling must be applied during mild weather, such as during the fall or spring. The crack contracts and expands with summer heat or winter cold. In addition, mild weather contributes to faster curing for a stronger overall bond between the cracked asphalt and the sealant or filler mixture.
Economics
Sealing and filling methods provide an adequate asphalt repair that will last for many years. Roadways only require short, temporary closures during the asphalt treatment, preventing troublesome traffic issues. These methods are also inexpensive compared to repaving or resurfacing the asphalt. DOT budget concerns have warranted specific guidelines regarding asphalt repairs for the most cost-effective method possible for each roadway and crack configuration.