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Origins
Similarities between biological and metallurgical microscopes start with their origins. Both devices are derived from the original microscope, invented in England during the late 16th century. Historians believe the microscope was born from adjustments made to the telescope, which was invented by Dutch optician Hans Lippershey. The original design featured a tube with a plate at one end to hold the specimen and a lens over the opposite end that magnified less than 10 times the original size.
Components
All microscopes have the same essential components, including an eyepiece (also known as an ocular lens); a body tube; an arm, which holds the revolving nosepiece and objectives; a stage, which holds the sample with stage clips; coarse and fine adjustment knobs; a light source; and a base. Some microscopes also include a diaphragm, which regulates the amount of light hitting the specimen. Coarse adjustment brings the sample into view. Fine adjustment gives the user a detailed sample view. Objectives are lenses equipped with various magnification powers that can be adjusted as needed.
Uses
Both microscopes are used for detailed inspection purposes. Users are able to observe characteristics and flaws that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Biological and metallurgical microscopes are commonly found in scientific labs to assist with research projects.
Design
The design of both microscopes is similar. Depending on the scope selected, many are portable and can be placed on a desktop or workbench. Both devices can also be attached to a digital imaging device via a universal serial bus (USB) cable for image or video capture. The similarities between biological and metallurgical microscopes make it easy for users to understand the basic operation of both types, even though they may be more familiar with one.