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How to Convert Grams to Curies

Radioactive elements undergo decay, and the speed at which the decay occurs used to be measured in curies. The International Council of Scientific Unions on Standards, Units and Constants of Radioactivity defined the curie as the "quantity of any radioactive substance in which 3.7 --- 10^10 disintegrations occur each second." Decay rates vary between the different radioactive elements, so the conversion of grams to curies, abbreviated to Ci, is possible only when the source material is known.

Instructions

- 1
  Establish the atomic weight of the element by checking the periodic table. For example, the atomic weight of Cobalt-60 is 59.92 and Uranium-238 has the atomic weight 238.
- 2
  Convert the mass into moles, using the formula moles = mass of the element / atomic mass of the element, and then convert moles to atoms by multiplying the mole value by Avogadro's number, 6.02 x 10^23. For example, to establish the number of atoms in 1 gram of Cobalt-60, calculate (1 / 59.92) x (6.02 x 10^23). This resolves to 1.01 x 10^22 atoms.
- 3
  Substitute the activity of the element, for example 1.10 x 10^3 Ci for Cobalt-60, into the formula: r = activity rate x (3.700 x 10^10 atoms/s/Ci). The result is "r," the number of atoms decaying per second. For example, 1.10 x 10^3 x 3.700 x 10^10 = 4.04 x 10^13 atoms decaying per second, so r = 4.04 x 10^13.
- 4
  Use the first-order rate equation, r = k[number of atoms]1, to determine the value for k.
  
  For example, using the values for "r" and the number of atoms previously determined for Cobalt-60, the equation becomes: 4.04 x 10^13 atoms decaying per second = k[1.01 x 10^22 atoms]. This resolves to k = 4.1 x 10^-9 s^-1
- 5
  Determine the decay activity, in atoms / second, for the element. To do this, substitute the number of atoms in the sample into the equation: (4.1 x 10^-9 s^-1) x (number of atoms in the sample). For example, with 1.01 x 10^22 atoms the equation becomes : (4.1 x 10^-9 s^-1) x (1.01 x 10^22). This resolves to 4.141 x 10^13 atoms / second.
- 6
  Calculate the value in curies by dividing the decay rate per second by 3.7 x 10^10, the decay rate equal to 1 curie. For example, 1 gram of Cobalt-60 is equivalent to 1,119 curies because 4.141 x 10^13/ 3.7 x 10^10 = 1,119 Ci.

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